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Phototoxins are toxins that can cause allergic reactions in particularly susceptible individuals and which can cause dangerous photosensitivity in a much broader range of subjects. Phototoxins are common in: a variety of plants (including food plants where they may be a biological defence): many citruses contain essential oils that are ...
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina , phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria .
At present, photopharmacology uses a rational drug design approach based on studying the structure-activity relationship, however, a phenotypic screening for photoswitchable drugs could also be beneficial. In order to achieve good spatial-temporal control over drug activity there should be a significant difference between the activity of isomers.
Photosensitizers absorb light (hν) and transfer the energy from the incident light into another nearby molecule either directly or by a chemical reaction. Upon absorbing photons of radiation from incident light, photosensitizers transform into an excited singlet state.
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity .
The product phycocyanin, produced by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Spirulina, is for example used in the food and beverage industry as the natural coloring agent 'Lina Blue' or 'EXBERRY Shade Blue' and is found in sweets and ice cream. In addition, fluorescence detection of phycocyanin pigments in water samples is a useful method to monitor ...
Some proteins are innately photosensitive and function in the presence of light. Proteins known as opsins form the crux of the photosensitive proteins. These proteins are often found in the eye. In addition, many of these proteins function as ion channels and receptors. One example is when a certain wavelength of light is put onto certain ...
Aflatoxin B 1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD 50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats. [4] This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others.