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Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, also called Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes abortion, respiratory disease and occasionally neonatal mortality in horses. Initial spread of EHV-1 by a newly introduced horse through direct and indirect contact can lead to abortion and perinatal infection in up to 70 ...
The virus damages the blood-brain barrier, causes fluid buildup in the central nervous system and the death of neurons, and replicates in neurons and glial cells, which leads to inflammation. [5] Injury of neurons occurs directly from viral toxicity and secondarily through inflammation in the CNS, which affects the basal ganglia , thalami , and ...
It is the most important viral cause of respiratory infection in foals. [2] Like other herpes viruses, EHV-4 causes a lifelong latent infection in affected animals. These horses are usually the source for new infection for foals over two months old, weanlings, and yearlings. Symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and discharge from the nose.
Borna disease, also known as sad horse disease, [1] is an infectious neurological syndrome [2] of warm-blooded animals, caused by Borna disease viruses 1 and 2 (BoDV-1/2). BoDV-1/2 are neurotropic viruses of the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus, and members of the Bornaviridae family within the Mononegavirales order.
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in various stages. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease that affects the central nervous system of horses.It is caused by a protozoal infection that is brought about by the apicomplexan parasites Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi.
The painful and inevitable death that follows usually prompts veterinarians and owners to euthanize foals suspected of having lethal white syndrome. [6] [7] Death is caused by an underdeveloped part of the digestive system. The large intestine of the horse comprises the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. [8]
In horses, which are most commonly infected, this bacterium causes an upper respiratory tract infection (along with the other symptoms). This infection causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in horses. This will be caused by spreading of nasal discharge or lymph nodes in feed troughs, bedding, etc. [12]
Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a species of virus the Orbivirus genus, and a member of the Reoviridae family, related to African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and Bluetongue virus (BTV). [ 1 ] First described in South Africa over a hundred years ago by Arnold Theiler , EEV is the causative agent of equine encephalosis ( EE ), an arthropod ...