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The Tuvan People's Republic (TPR), [a] [b] known simply as Tannu Tuva, [c] was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944. [10] It was located in the same territory as the former Imperial Russian protectorate of Uriankhai Krai, northwest of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Republic of Tuva, a republic of Russia.
Tuva (/ ˈ t uː v ə /; Russian: Тува) or Tyva (/ ˈ t ɪ v ə /; Tuvan: Тыва [tʰɤ̀ʋɐ]), officially the Republic of Tyva, [a] is a republic of Russia. [13] Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia , in southern Siberia .
On 14 August 1921 the Bolsheviks (supported by Russia) established the Tuvan People's Republic, popularly called Tannu-Tuva. In 1926, the capital (Belotsarsk; Khem-Beldyr since 1918) was renamed Kyzyl, meaning "Red". [38] Tuva was an independent state between the World Wars. [34]
The Tuvan People's Republic was nominally a sovereign state [1] in 1921–44, but it was considered a satellite state of the Soviet Union (the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic were the only countries to recognize its independence [2] [3]).
According to the 2010 Russian census, there was a total of 249,299 Tuvans who resided within Tuva. This represented 82.0% of the total population of the republic. In addition, Tuvans have a much higher fertility rate than Russians and the other Slavic peoples, while the median age of the Tuvan population is much lower than Russians.
Despite the de jure political independence of the Tuvan People's Republic, the country was largely dependent on the Russian SFSR.Thus, the Soviet delegation, which was present at the All-Tuva Constituent Khural, which proclaimed the republic, insisted on fixing in a special resolution the provision according to which in the sphere of foreign policy of the Tuvan People's Republic should act ...
"Tooruktug dolgai tangdym" [a] is a Tuvan folk song. It was first adopted in 1944 as the national anthem of the Tuvan People's Republic (TPR) when Tuva was an independent socialist republic recognised only by the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic.
The Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party [a] was a political party in Tuva, founded in 1921. When the Tuvan People's Republic was founded in the same year, the party held single-party control over its government as a vanguard party.