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Tuva (/ ˈ t uː v ə /; Russian: Тува) or Tyva (/ ˈ t ɪ v ə /; Tuvan: Тыва [tʰɤ̀ʋɐ]), officially the Republic of Tyva, [a] is a republic of Russia. [13] Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia , in southern Siberia .
The Tuvan People's Republic (TPR), [a] [b] known simply as Tannu Tuva, [c] was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944. [10] It was located in the same territory as the former Imperial Russian protectorate of Uriankhai Krai, northwest of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Republic of Tuva, a republic of Russia.
Russian President Vladimir Putin with young Tuvan cadets in Kyzyl, Tuva, 2024. Currently, Tuvans form the majority of the population in Tuva Republic. According to the 2010 Russian census, there was a total of 249,299 Tuvans who resided within Tuva. This represented 82.0% of the total population of the republic.
Tuva's most recent Supreme Lama, Jampel Lodoy (born Apysh-ool Sat, 1975–2020), served as the 8th Kamby Lama from November 29, 2019, until his death on June 23, 2020, from COVID-19 during the pandemic in Russia. [1] [5] [6] Had he survived COVID-19, Jampel Lodoy would have served as Kamby Lama until the end of his term in 2024. [5]
[2] [3] Besides the historical monastic traditions of Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (the latter being the only Buddhist-majority republic in Europe), the religion of Buddhism is now spreading all over Russia, with many ethnic Russian converts.
Samagaltay was established in 1773 and became one of the first spiritual and administrative centers of Tuva. It was also the capital of Tuva until 1921. The settlement was not only a political hub but also a spiritual center, housing the residence of the Kamby Lama, the spiritual leader of Tuva.
Location of the Tuvan People's Republic (modern boundaries). The 1929 Tuvan coup d'état took place in the Tuvan People's Republic.It occurred in January after the Tuvan government under Prime Minister Donduk Kuular attempted to implement nationalist, religious and anti-Soviet policies, including making Tibetan Buddhism the official religion.
Tuva became nominally independent as the Urjanchai Republic before being brought under Russian protectorate as the Uryankhay Kray on 17 April 1914 in the memorandum of Foreign Minister Sergey Sazonov on the question of accepting the population of five khoshuns of the Uryankhai Territory. [35] It was then part of the Yeniseysk Governorate.