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According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, Cologne was a center of Jewish learning, and the "wise of Cologne" are frequently mentioned in rabbinical literature. [48] A characteristic of the Talmudic authorities of that city was their liberality. Many liturgical poems still in the Ashkenazic ritual were composed by poets of Cologne.
An 1806 French print depicts Napoleon Bonaparte emancipating the Jews. Jewish emancipation was the process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, to which European Jews were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights. [1]
On March 17, 1808, French Emperor Napoleon I made three decrees [1] in an attempt to promote the equality of Jews and integrate them into French society, building on the Jewish Emancipation of 1790–1791.
The Jewish community in Cologne has the longest history in Germany, being first mentioned in 321. Expelled in 1424, the Jews did not return to Cologne until 1798. In 1815 the community numbered 150, growing to 8000 in 1895, and 18,281 by 1933, [ 2 ] the largest in Germany after Berlin.
The Synagogue in Glockengasse was a Jewish synagogue, that was located in Cologne, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Designed by Ernst Friedrich Zwirner in the Moorish Revival style, the synagogue was completed in 1861 and destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.
Magnus, Shulamit S. Jewish emancipation in a German city: Cologne, 1798-1871 ( Stanford University Press, 1997). Ragins, Sanford. Jewish Responses to Anti-Semitism in Germany, 1870-1914: A Study in the History of Ideas (ISD, 1980.
Jewish women played a key role in keeping the Jewish communities in tune with the changing society that was evoked by the Jews being emancipated. Jewish women were the catalyst of modernization within the Jewish community. The years 1870–1918 marked the shift in the women's role in society.
The Zionist Federation of Germany (German: Zionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland) also known as the Zionist Association for Germany was a Zionist organisation in Germany that was formed in 1897 in Cologne by Max Bodenheimer, together with David Wolffsohn and Fabius Schach. [1]