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A staring array, also known as staring-plane array or focal-plane array (FPA), is an image sensor consisting of an array (typically rectangular) of light-sensing pixels at the focal plane of a lens. FPAs are used most commonly for imaging purposes (e.g. taking pictures or video imagery), but can also be used for non-imaging purposes such as ...
Focal-plane arrays (FPAs) are widely used in radio astronomy. FPAs are arrays of receivers placed at the focus of the optical system in a radio-telescope. The optical system may be a reflector or a lens. Traditional radio-telescopes have only one receiver at the focus of the telescope, but radio-telescopes are now starting to be equipped with ...
They can also be fed by an array of feed antennas, called a focal plane array (FPA), to create more complicated radiation patterns. To generate narrow beams, the lens must be much larger than the wavelength of the radio waves, so lens antennas are mainly used at the high frequency end of the radio spectrum , with microwaves and millimeter waves ...
Focal plane array testing is the process of verifying and validating that these devices function correctly. Focal plane arrays are complex to develop, in some cases the fabrication process may have more than 150 steps, [ 1 ] testing of these devices must ensure that each step has the desired result.
NIRCam Focal Plane Assembly (FPA) undergoing inspection, 2013. Data from the image sensors (Focal Plane Arrays) is collected by the Focal Plane Electronics and sent to the ISIM computer. [3] The data between the FPE and the ISIM computer is transferred by SpaceWire connection. [3] There are also Instrument Control Electronics (ICE). [3]
From 2014 to 2020 it underwent a major upgrade to CRIRES+ to provide ten times larger simultaneous wavelength coverage. A new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 μm cut-off wavelength replaced the existing detectors, a new spectropolarimetric unit is added, and the calibration system is enhanced.
The two-dimensional optical transfer function at the focal plane can be calculated by integration of the 3D optical transfer function along the z-axis. Although the 3D transfer function of the wide-field microscope (b) is zero on the z -axis for z ≠ 0; its integral, the 2D optical transfer, reaching a maximum at x = y = 0.
Another type of image sensor technology that is related to the APS is the hybrid infrared focal plane array (IRFPA), [1] designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures in the infrared spectrum. The devices are two chips that are put together like a sandwich: one chip contains detector elements made in InGaAs or HgCdTe , and the other chip is ...