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The larger pars tensa consists of three layers: skin, fibrous tissue, and mucosa. Its thick periphery forms a fibrocartilaginous ring called the annulus tympanicus or Gerlach's ligament. [5] while the central umbo tents inward at the level of the tip of malleus. The middle fibrous layer, containing radial, circular, and parabolic fibers ...
Tympanic membrane retraction describes a condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position.. The eardrum comprises two parts: the pars tensa, which is the main part of the eardrum, and the pars flaccida, which is a smaller part of the eardrum located above the pars tensa.
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Henry Jones Shrapnell (1792–1834) was an English anatomist.For a period of time during his career he was a colleague to Edward Jenner (1749–1823), creator of the vaccine for smallpox.
Wittmaack's theory: Invagination of tympanic membrane from the attic or part of pars tensa in the form of retraction pockets lead to the formation of cholesteatoma. [12] Ruedi's theory: The basal cells of germinal layer of skin proliferate under the influence of infection and lay down keratinising squamous epithelium. [13]
Myringoplasty is the closure of the perforation of pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. [1] [2] [3] When myringoplasty is combined with removal of scar tissue, it is called tympanoplasty. The operation is performed with the patient supine and face turned to one side. The graft material most commonly used for the surgery is temporalis fascia.
Chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve that carries gustatory sensory innervation from the front of the tongue and parasympathetic (secretomotor) innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
In human anatomy, the pars flaccida of tympanic membrane or Shrapnell's membrane (also known as Rivinus' ligament) is the small, triangular, flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. It lies above the malleolar folds attached directly to the petrous bone at the notch of Rivinus .