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A fire escape can be a window, and if above the first floor with an approved ladder, or door that leads to a porch with ground access or a fire escape ladder. [9] Federal rules, such as those of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), have requirements that follow ICC codes. [10]
The Bureau of Labor Standards of the Department of Labor has worked on some work safety issues since its creation in 1934. [4] Economic boom and associated labor turnover during World War II worsened work safety in nearly all areas of the United States economy, but after 1945 accidents again declined as long-term forces reasserted themselves. [5]
The City of Chicago remains the only municipality in America that continues to use a building code the city developed on its own as part of the Municipal Code of Chicago. In Europe, the Eurocode: Basis of structural design, is a pan-European building code that has superseded the older national building codes.
The International Building Code applies to all structures in areas where it is adopted, except for one and two family dwellings (see International Residential Code). Parts of the code reference other codes including the International Plumbing Code , the International Mechanical Code , the National Electric Code , and various National Fire ...
A map of the 77 community areas, broken down by purported regions. While the areas have official use and definition, the color groupings are unofficial, and such "regions" may be defined differently, grouped differently, or not be used at all. The city of Chicago is divided into 77 community areas for statistical and planning purposes.
An extension ladder. A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or steps commonly used for climbing or descending. There are two types: rigid ladders that are self-supporting or that may be leaned against a vertical surface such as a wall, and rollable ladders, such as those made of rope or aluminium, that may be hung from the top.
3D zone control: The strategy of 3D zone control intended to improve the safety of firefighters operating inside a burning structure.It attempts to safeguard the immediate locality of any space occupied by firefighters in resorting to various defensive actions that (a) confine the fire; (b) remove combustion products safely and effectively; or (c) mitigate dangers in the hot-gas layers.
Winders: Winders are steps that are narrower on one side than the other. They are used to change the direction of the stairs without landings. A series of winders form a circular or helical stairway. When three steps are used to turn a 90° corner, the middle step is called a kite winder as a kite-shaped quadrilateral.