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In the history of optical storage media there have been and there are different optical disc formats with different data writing/reading speeds. Original CD-ROM drives could read data at about 150 kB/s, 1× constant angular velocity (CAV), [1] the same speed of compact disc players without buffering.
The first HDD [11] had an average seek time of about 600 ms. [12] and by the middle 1970s, HDDs were available with seek times of about 25 ms. [13]Some early PC drives used a stepper motor to move the heads, and as a result had seek times as slow as 80–120 ms, but this was quickly improved by voice coil type actuation in the 1980s, reducing seek times to around 20 ms.
Input/output operations per second (IOPS, pronounced eye-ops) is an input/output performance measurement used to characterize computer storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), and storage area networks (SAN).
The distinction can be arbitrary between a computer bus, often closer in space, and larger telecommunications networks. Many device interfaces or protocols (e.g., SATA, USB, SAS, PCIe) are used both inside many-device boxes, such as a PC, and one-device-boxes, such as a hard drive enclosure. Accordingly, this page lists both the internal ribbon ...
Optical device speeds are often quoted as a multiple of a "basic speed" for that type of device. Thus for CD, the basic speed is 150 kB/s, so a CD-recordable device may be quoted as "4x" or "6x" to indicate a speed of 600 kB/s and 900 kB/s respectively. Typical values are: CD
Off-line storage is computer data storage on a medium or a device that is not under the control of a processing unit. [9] The medium is recorded, usually in a secondary or tertiary storage device, and then physically removed or disconnected. It must be inserted or connected by a human operator before a computer can access it again.