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The basic idea is to use laser beams that are red-detuned from an atomic transition. Red-detuned means that the frequency of the laser light is lower than the natural resonance frequency of the atoms. When atoms encounter such red-detuned laser light, they experience a "light shift", which creates a spatially dependent potential energy landscape.
A photo of laser cooled lithium atoms. The bright blob corresponds to roughly 7 billion lithium atoms scattering the 671 nm light used to laser cool them to a few hundred microkelvins. The cloud has roughly a 5 mm extent. A window of the vacuum system where the lithium is trapped along with supporting optics can be seen in the foreground.
When the CMB photons became free to travel unimpeded, ordinary matter in the universe was mostly in the form of neutral hydrogen and helium atoms. However, observations of galaxies today seem to indicate that most of the volume of the intergalactic medium (IGM) consists of ionized material (since there are few absorption lines due to hydrogen ...
Optical molasses schematic. Optical molasses (OM) is a laser cooling technique that can cool neutral atoms to as low as a few microkelvins, depending on the atomic species. An optical molasses consists of 3 pairs of counter-propagating orthogonally polarized laser beams intersecting in the region where the atoms are present.
By definition, visible light is the part of the EM spectrum the human eye is the most sensitive to. Visible light (and near-infrared light) is typically absorbed and emitted by electrons in molecules and atoms that move from one energy level to another. This action allows the chemical mechanisms that underlie human vision and plant photosynthesis.
The duo took thousands of photos to create the glowing image of Earth's lunar companion – and it does not disappoint. "The most ridiculously detailed" photo of the moon has arrived Skip to main ...
Sisyphus cooling can be achieved by shining two counter-propagating laser beams with orthogonal polarization onto an atom sample. Atoms moving through the potential landscape along the direction of the standing wave lose kinetic energy as they move to a potential maximum, at which point optical pumping moves them back to a lower energy state, thus lowering the total energy of the atom.
Losing the dark. Light pollution, the term for the brightening of the night sky by unnatural lights, is increasing worldwide. On average, skies are getting 10% brighter each year globally, with ...