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  2. Bash (Unix shell) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)

    Bash executes these files as part of its standard initialization, but other startup files can read them in a different order than the documented Bash startup sequence. The default content of the root user's files may also have issues, as well as the skeleton files the system provides to new user accounts upon setup.

  3. write (system call) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_(system_call)

    The write is one of the most basic routines provided by a Unix-like operating system kernel. It writes data from a buffer declared by the user to a given device, such as a file. This is the primary way to output data from a program by directly using a system call. The destination is identified by a numeric code.

  4. cat (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_(Unix)

    The Single Unix Specification defines the operation of cat to read files in the sequence given in its arguments, writing their contents to the standard output in the same sequence. The specification mandates the support of one option flag, u for unbuffered output, meaning that each byte is written after it has been read.

  5. words (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_(Unix)

    words is a standard file on Unix and Unix-like operating systems, and is simply a newline-delimited list of dictionary words. It is used, for instance, by spell-checking programs. [1] The words file is usually stored in /usr/share/dict/words or /usr/dict/words.

  6. List of POSIX commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_POSIX_commands

    Write the name list of an object file: Version 1 AT&T UNIX nohup: Process management Mandatory Invoke a utility immune to hangups: Version 4 AT&T UNIX od: Misc Mandatory Dump files in various formats Version 1 AT&T UNIX paste: Text processing Mandatory Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files Version 32V AT&T UNIX patch: Text processing ...

  7. File descriptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_descriptor

    File descriptors for a single process, file table and inode table. Note that multiple file descriptors can refer to the same file table entry (e.g., as a result of the dup system call [3]: 104 ) and that multiple file table entries can in turn refer to the same inode (if it has been opened multiple times; the table is still simplified because it represents inodes by file names, even though an ...

  8. Shebang (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)

    The shebang characters are represented by the same two bytes in extended ASCII encodings, including UTF-8, which is commonly used for scripts and other text files on current Unix-like systems. However, UTF-8 files may begin with the optional byte order mark (BOM); if the "exec" function specifically detects the bytes 0x23 and 0x21, then the ...

  9. Shell script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script

    The term is also used more generally to mean the automated mode of running an operating system shell; each operating system uses a particular name for these functions including batch files (MSDos-Win95 stream, OS/2), command procedures (VMS), and shell scripts (Windows NT stream and third-party derivatives like 4NT—article is at cmd.exe), and ...