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Enamel-dentin Fractures Enamel-dentin fractures (uncomplicated crown fracture) exhibit visible loss of enamel and dentin without exposing the dental pulp. When performing a clinical examination, the dentist will usually find a vital tooth with no sensitivity to percussion and no mobility.
Dentin, less mineralized and less brittle, 3–4 in hardness, compensates for enamel and is necessary as a support. [7] On radiographs, the differences in the mineralization of different portions of the tooth and surrounding periodontium can be noted; enamel appears lighter than dentin or pulp since it is denser than both and more radiopaque. [8]
An enamel fracture is when the outermost layer of the tooth is cracked, without damaging the inner layers including the dentine or pulp. This can happen from trauma such as a fall where the teeth are impacted by a hard object causing a chip to occur. Enamel fracture of tooth 11 on the incisal, biting, surface
Dentin is the substance between enamel or cementum and the pulp chamber. It is secreted by the odontoblasts of the dental pulp. [15] The formation of dentin is known as dentinogenesis. The porous, yellow-hued material is made up of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials, and 10% water by weight. [16]
Pulp acts as a security and alarm system. Slight decay in tooth structure not extending to the dentin may not alarm the pulp, but as the dentin gets exposed, due either to dental caries or trauma, sensitivity starts. The dentinal tubules pass the stimulus to the pulp's odontoblastic layer, triggering the response. This mainly responds to cold.
Dentin (/ ˈ d ɛ n t ɪ n / DEN-tin) (American English) or dentine (/ ˈ d ɛ n ˌ t iː n / DEN-teen or / ˌ d ɛ n ˈ t iː n / DEN-TEEN) (British English) (Latin: substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth. It is usually covered by enamel on ...
The structure of dentin is an arrangement of microscopic channels, called dentinal tubules, which radiate outward from the pulp chamber to the exterior cementum or enamel border. [81] The diameter of the dentinal tubules is largest near the pulp (about 2.5 μm) and smallest (about 900 nm) at the junction of dentin and enamel. [82]
The dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) is an intricate biomechanical interface that forms the boundary between the highly mineralised enamel and the collagen-rich dentin. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, consisting predominantly of hydroxyapatite crystals.