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  2. Mathematical induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction

    The most common form of proof by mathematical induction requires proving in the induction step that (() (+)) whereupon the induction principle "automates" n applications of this step in getting from P(0) to P(n). This could be called "predecessor induction" because each step proves something about a number from something about that number's ...

  3. General Leibniz rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Leibniz_rule

    The proof of the general Leibniz rule [2]: 68–69 proceeds by induction. Let and be -times differentiable functions.The base case when = claims that: ′ = ′ + ′, which is the usual product rule and is known to be true.

  4. Grönwall's inequality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grönwall's_inequality

    In mathematics, Grönwall's inequality (also called Grönwall's lemma or the Grönwall–Bellman inequality) allows one to bound a function that is known to satisfy a certain differential or integral inequality by the solution of the corresponding differential or integral equation. There are two forms of the lemma, a differential form and an ...

  5. Proofs involving the addition of natural numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_involving_the...

    We prove associativity by first fixing natural numbers a and b and applying induction on the natural number c. For the base case c = 0, (a + b) + 0 = a + b = a + (b + 0) Each equation follows by definition [A1]; the first with a + b, the second with b. Now, for the induction. We assume the induction hypothesis, namely we assume that for some ...

  6. De Moivre's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Moivre's_formula

    The truth of de Moivre's theorem can be established by using mathematical induction for natural numbers, and extended to all integers from there. For an integer n, call the following statement S(n): (⁡ + ⁡) = ⁡ + ⁡. For n > 0, we proceed by mathematical induction.

  7. Rolle's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolle's_theorem

    The proof uses mathematical induction. The case n = 1 is simply the standard version of Rolle's theorem. For n > 1, take as the induction hypothesis that the generalization is true for n − 1. We want to prove it for n. Assume the function f satisfies the hypotheses of the theorem.

  8. Structural induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_induction

    Structural induction is a proof method that is used in mathematical logic (e.g., in the proof of Łoś' theorem), computer science, graph theory, and some other mathematical fields. It is a generalization of mathematical induction over natural numbers and can be further generalized to arbitrary Noetherian induction .

  9. Product rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_rule

    The proof is by mathematical induction on the exponent n. If n = 0 then x n is constant and nx n − 1 = 0. The rule holds in that case because the derivative of a constant function is 0.