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The Hurwitz quaternions form an order (in the sense of ring theory) in the division ring of quaternions with rational components. It is in fact a maximal order ; this accounts for its importance. The Lipschitz quaternions, which are the more obvious candidate for the idea of an integral quaternion , also form an order.
Therefore, a = 0 and b 2 + c 2 + d 2 = 1. In other words: A quaternion squares to −1 if and only if it is a vector quaternion with norm 1. By definition, the set of all such vectors forms the unit sphere. Only negative real quaternions have infinitely many square roots. All others have just two (or one in the case of 0). [citation needed] [d]
The Hurwitz quaternion order is a specific order in a quaternion algebra over a suitable number field. The order is of particular importance in Riemann surface theory, in connection with surfaces with maximal symmetry , namely the Hurwitz surfaces . [ 1 ]
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He studied the maximal order theory (as it now would be) for the quaternions, defining the Hurwitz quaternions that are now named for him. In the field of control systems and dynamical systems theory he derived the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion for determining whether a linear system is stable in 1895, independently of Edward John Routh ...
Thus, the quaternion components ,,, are either all integers or all half-integers, depending on whether is even or odd, respectively. The set of Hurwitz quaternions forms a ring; that is to say, the sum or product of any two Hurwitz quaternions is likewise a Hurwitz quaternion.
The ring of Hurwitz quaternions, also known as integral quaternions. A quaternion a = a 0 + a 1 i + a 2 j + a 3 k is integral if either all the coefficients a i are integers or all of them are half-integers. All free associative algebras. [1]
In mathematics, a versor is a quaternion of norm one (a unit quaternion).Each versor has the form = = + , =, [,], where the r 2 = −1 condition means that r is a unit-length vector quaternion (or that the first component of r is zero, and the last three components of r are a unit vector in 3 dimensions).
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