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Hence if we consider a voting method to be correct if it elects the candidate closest to the mean of the voter population, then a method will not be able to obtain full marks unless it produces different winners from the same ballots in the two elections. Clearly this will impute spurious errors to voting methods.
The study of formally defined electoral methods is called social choice theory or voting theory, and this study can take place within the field of political science, economics, or mathematics, and specifically within the subfields of game theory and mechanism design.
In non-compensatory, parallel voting systems, which are used in 20 countries, [1] members of a legislature are elected by two different methods; part of the membership is elected by a plurality or majority vote in single-member constituencies and the other part by proportional representation. The results of the constituency vote have no effect ...
This is a list of mathematics-based methods. Adams' method (differential equations) Akra–Bazzi method (asymptotic analysis) Bisection method (root finding) Brent's method (root finding) Condorcet method (voting systems) Coombs' method (voting systems) Copeland's method (voting systems) Crank–Nicolson method (numerical analysis) D'Hondt ...
Positional voting methods are used in some sports, either for combining rankings in different events or for judging contestants. For instance, points systems are used to keep score in Formula One and for the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award .
A political science model based on rational choice used to explain why citizens do or do not vote. The alternative equation is V = pB + D > C. Where for voting to occur the (P)robability the vote will matter "times" the (B)enefit of one candidate winning over another combined with the feeling of civic (D)uty, must be greater than the (C)ost of ...
Each voter location coincides with the median under a certain set of one-dimensional projections. If A, B and C are the candidates, then '1' will vote A-B-C, '2' will vote B-C-A, and '3' will vote C-A-B, giving a Condorcet cycle. This is the subject of the McKelvey–Schofield theorem. Proof. See the diagram, in which the grey disc represents ...
In economics and social choice, a function satisfies anonymity, neutrality, or symmetry if the rule does not discriminate between different participants ahead of time. For example, in an election, a voter-anonymous function is one where it does not matter who casts which vote, i.e. all voters' ballots are equal ahead of time.