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Therefore, the Bolsheviks appealed to them as allies and promised them political independence and religious freedom. [28] Lenin even voiced admiration of Muslims who had fought against imperialism and saw Muslim folk heroes as emblems of the struggle against imperialism. [28] In 1917, the Bolsheviks made this pronouncement to Muslims in Russia:
"Bread" formed part of one of the most important political slogans of the Bolshevik Revolution: "Bread, Land, Peace and All Power to the Soviets." [citation needed]However, "Not by bread alone" is a quote which appears once in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and twice in the Christian Scriptures (New Testament) and reads in the King James Version as follows:
The Vatican at first sought to use the newly re-created Poland's position to promote Catholic interests in Russia, but following the war between the Bolsheviks and Poland, the Vatican turned to Weimar Germany, which played crucial role in diplomatic efforts with regard to Christians in the USSR. [5]
The Soviet regime had an ostensible commitment to the complete annihilation of religious institutions and ideas. [11] Communist ideology could not coexist with the continued influence of religion even as an independent institutional entity, so "Lenin demanded that communist propaganda must employ militancy and irreconcilability towards all forms of idealism and religion", and that was called ...
During and before the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks and their ideology led up to the formation of the Communist Party. [56] Vladimir Lenin and his ideas for "a workers' socialist state" heavily dominated the movement. [56] This is how the famous Social Democrat Alexander Parvus wrote about the topic in 1918: [57]
As for the Russian Orthodox Church, Soviet authorities sought to control it and, in times of national crisis, to exploit it for the state's own purposes; however, their ultimate goal was to eliminate it. During the first five years of Soviet power, the Bolsheviks executed 28 Russian Orthodox bishops and over 1,200 Russian Orthodox priests.
A number of modern Russian historians, most notably Valentin Sakharov author of the book “Political testament” of V. I. Lenin" express doubts about the authorship of Lenin, affirming that Krupskaya or even Leon Trotsky could be the true author of the letter, a view which is shared by historians Vladimir Ermakov and Yuri Zhukov. [58] [59]
They rejected the secular government, the Russian Orthodox priests, icons, all church rituals, and the belief the Bible is a supreme source of divine revelation. [7] The Doukhobors believed in the divinity of Jesus ; their practices, emphasis on individual interpretation, and opposition to the government and church provoked antagonism from the ...