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Therefore, the Bolsheviks appealed to them as allies and promised them political independence and religious freedom. [28] Lenin even voiced admiration of Muslims who had fought against imperialism and saw Muslim folk heroes as emblems of the struggle against imperialism. [28] In 1917, the Bolsheviks made this pronouncement to Muslims in Russia:
Bolo was a derogatory expression for Bolsheviks used by British service personnel in the North Russian Expeditionary Force which intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. [33] Adolf Hitler , Joseph Goebbels , and other Nazi leaders used it in reference to the worldwide political movement coordinated by the Comintern .
During and before the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks and their ideology led up to the formation of the Communist Party. [56] Vladimir Lenin and his ideas for "a workers' socialist state" heavily dominated the movement. [56] This is how the famous Social Democrat Alexander Parvus wrote about the topic in 1918: [57]
Russia erupted into a bloody civil war, which pitted the Reds (Bolsheviks), against their enemies, which included non-Russian independence movements, anti-Bolshevik socialist parties, anarchists, monarchists and liberals; the latter two parties strongly supported the Russian White movement which was led mainly by right-leaning officers of the ...
Red Guard unit of the Vulkan factory in Petrograd, October 1917 Bolshevik (1920) by Boris Kustodiev The New York Times headline from 9 November 1917. The October Revolution, [b] also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution [c] (in Soviet historiography), October coup, [4] [5] Bolshevik coup, [5] or Bolshevik revolution, [6] [7] was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917.
Because some of the leading Bolsheviks were Ethnic Jews, and Bolshevism supports a policy of promoting international proletarian revolution—most notably in the case of Leon Trotsky—many enemies of Bolshevism, as well as contemporary antisemites, draw a picture of Communism as a political slur at Jews and accuse Jews of pursuing Bolshevism ...
Regarding the motives for compiling it, Robert Service quoted a Bolshevik official who said there was a need for a book which "instead of the Bible" would "give a rigorous answer [...] [t]o the many important questions" [citation needed]. At the time, the party was concerned with the abundance of publications about the AUCP (B)'s history and ...
As for the Russian Orthodox Church, Soviet authorities sought to control it and, in times of national crisis, to exploit it for the state's own purposes; however, their ultimate goal was to eliminate it. During the first five years of Soviet power, the Bolsheviks executed 28 Russian Orthodox bishops and over 1,200 Russian Orthodox priests.