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This is known as outgassing, and occurs during decompression, when the reduction in ambient pressure or a change of breathing gas reduces the partial pressure of the inert gas in the lungs. [ 2 ] The combined concentrations of gases in any given tissue will depend on the history of pressure and gas composition.
Compliance is calculated using the following equation, where is the change in volume (mL), and is the change in pressure : [3] C = Δ V Δ P {\displaystyle C={\frac {\Delta V}{\Delta P}}} Physiologic compliance is generally in agreement with the above and adds d P d t {\textstyle {\tfrac {dP}{dt}}} as a common academic physiologic measurement ...
It can occur during shallow dives, but does not usually become noticeable at depths less than about 30 meters (100 ft). The effect is consistently greater for gases with a higher lipid solubility, and there is good evidence that the two properties are mechanistically related. [37] As depth increases, the mental impairment may become hazardous.
It can be interpreted two ways: Projection of PCSA (green line in figure 1) on the anatomical cross-section plane (blue line). [8] ACSA of a non-pennate muscle with the same force as the pennate muscle. [9] This implies that, in a muscle such as that in figure 1A, PCSA 2 coincides with ACSA. The disadvantage of this definition is its more ...
This has two very important physiological benefits. First, it minimizes the amount of fatigue an organism experiences by using fatigue-resistant muscle fibers first and only using fatigable fibers when high forces are needed. Secondly, the relative change in force produced by additional recruitment remains relatively constant.
A sperm whale killed 160 km (100 mi) south of Durban, South Africa, after a 1-hour, 50-minute dive was found with two dogfish (Scymnodon sp.), usually found at the sea floor, in its belly. [ 32 ] In 1959, the heart of a 22 metric-ton (24 short-ton) male taken by whalers was measured to be 116 kilograms (256 lb), about 0.5% of its total mass. [ 33 ]
In pennate muscles, fibers are oriented at an angle to the muscle's line of action and rotate as they shorten, becoming more oblique such that the fraction of force directed along the muscle's line of action decreases throughout a contraction. Force output is dependent upon the angle of fiber rotation, so changes in muscle thickness and the ...
Resistance training has been shown to dramatically increase performance of motor units of the larger muscle groups. [2] Motor unit plasticity of the larger muscle groups is extremely important for athletes, especially those participating in high impact and fast pace sports such as track and field, martial arts, and American football.