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2. Integer factorization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

   To factorize a small integer n using mental or pen-and-paper arithmetic, the simplest method is trial division: checking if the number is divisible by prime numbers 2, 3, 5, and so on, up to the square root of n. For larger numbers, especially when using a computer, various more sophisticated factorization algorithms are more efficient.

3. List of types of numbers - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_numbers

   Such a number is algebraic and can be expressed as the sum of a rational number and the square root of a rational number. Constructible number: A number representing a length that can be constructed using a compass and straightedge. Constructible numbers form a subfield of the field of algebraic numbers, and include the quadratic surds.

4. Polynomial decomposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_decomposition

   A polynomial decomposition may enable more efficient evaluation of a polynomial. For example, + + + + + + + = () (+ +) can be calculated with 3 multiplications and 3 additions using the decomposition, while Horner's method would require 7 multiplications and 8 additions.

5. Highly composite number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly_composite_number

   Demonstration, with Cuisenaire rods, of the first four highly composite numbers: 1, 2, 4, 6. A highly composite number is a positive integer that has more divisors than all smaller positive integers. If d(n) denotes the number of divisors of a positive integer n, then a positive integer N is highly composite if d(N) > d(n) for all n < N.

6. Partial fraction decomposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_fraction_decomposition

   In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.

7. Primary decomposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_decomposition

   In mathematics, the Lasker–Noether theorem states that every Noetherian ring is a Lasker ring, which means that every ideal can be decomposed as an intersection, called primary decomposition, of finitely many primary ideals (which are related to, but not quite the same as, powers of prime ideals).