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Allofeeding is a type of food sharing behaviour observed in cooperatively breeding species of birds. Allofeeding refers to a parent, sibling or unrelated adult bird feeding altricial hatchlings, which are dependent on parental care for their survival. [1] Allofeeding also refers to food sharing between adults of the same species. [2]
The behavior of an amphibian hatchling, commonly referred to as a tadpole, is controlled by a few thousand neurons. [4] 99% of a Xenopus hatchling's first day after hatching is spent hanging from a thread of mucus secreted from near its mouth will eventually form; if it becomes detached from this thread, it will swim back and become reattached, usually within ten seconds. [4]
In general smaller birds tend to hatch faster, but there are exceptions, and cavity nesting birds tend to have longer incubation periods. It can be an energetically demanding process, with adult albatrosses losing as much as 83 g of body weight a day. [6] Megapode eggs take from 49 to 90 days depending on the mound and ambient temperature.
Parental care is any behaviour that contributes to offspring survival, such as building a nest, provisioning offspring with food, or defending offspring from predators. Reptiles may produce self-sufficient young needing no parental care, while some hatchling birds may be helpless at birth, relying on their parents for survival.
Altricial birds are less able to contribute nutrients in the pre-natal stage; their eggs are smaller and their young are still in need of much attention and protection from predators. This may be related to r/K selection; however, this association fails in some cases. [18] In birds, altricial young usually grow faster than precocial young.
Scientists can use fecal sacs to learn a number of things about individual birds. Examination of the contents of the sac can reveal details of the nestling's diet, [14] [15] and can indicate what contaminants the young bird has been exposed to. [16] The presence of an adult bird carrying a fecal sac is used in bird censuses as an indication of ...
A possible evolutionary timeline by Kavanau suggests that basal theropod dinosaurs evolved into birds that evolved unique bi-parental care, after which avian birds evolved homeothermy and flight. Burley and Johnson (2002), Tullberg et al. (2002), Prum (2002), and Varricchio et al. (1999) questioned the male evolutionary shift from no care to ...
Biparental care is common in birds, where the role of the male involves finding food and defending the nest, and the maternal behaviors involve caring for the chicks in the nest. [3] In many cases, the male will regurgitate partially digested food into the mouth of the female and then the female will distribute the food equally amongst her ...