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In addition to animals, the flowers of some plants also show bilateral symmetry. Such plants are referred to as zygomorphic and include the orchid (Orchidaceae) and pea families, and most of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). [18] [19] The leaves of plants also commonly show approximate bilateral symmetry.
Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirally arranged.
A Phalaenopsis flower. Orchids are easily distinguished from other plants, as they share some very evident derived characteristics or synapomorphies.Among these are: bilateral symmetry of the flower (zygomorphism), many resupinate flowers, a nearly always highly modified petal (labellum), fused stamens and carpels, and extremely small seeds.
Animals mainly have bilateral or mirror symmetry, as do the leaves of plants and some flowers such as orchids. [30] Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry, as do many flowers and some groups of animals such as sea anemones. Fivefold symmetry is found in the echinoderms, the group that includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea lilies. [31]
At first most of the fossilized early land plants other than bryophytes were placed in the class Psilophyta, established in 1917 by Kidston and Lang. [9] As additional fossils were discovered and described, it became apparent that the Psilophyta were not a homogeneous group of plants, and in 1975 Banks developed his earlier proposal to split it into three groups, which he put at the rank of ...
A normal (left) and a peloric Streptocarpus showing the bilateral to radial symmetry alteration.. Pelorism has been of interest since a five-spurred variety of the common toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris L.) was first discovered in 1742 by a young Uppsala botanist on an island in the Stockholm archipelago and then in 1744 described by Carl Linnaeus.
Naupaka flowers have 5 petals, spiral leaves, and have a single plane of bilateral symmetry. They belong to the subclass Asteridae and family Goodenia. They share many characteristics with many types of fanflower plants. There are eight species of Naupaka plants which are native to Hawaii. [5] The two forms of the Naupaka never grow in the same ...
It is disputed whether the segments are offset from each other following glide reflection, and are thus isomers, [2] [11] [13] [14] or whether the segments are symmetric across the midline, and thus follow true bilateral symmetry, as the specimens displaying the offset may be the result of taphonomic distortion.