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In addition to animals, the flowers of some plants also show bilateral symmetry. Such plants are referred to as zygomorphic and include the orchid (Orchidaceae) and pea families, and most of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). [18] [19] The leaves of plants also commonly show approximate bilateral symmetry.
Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirally arranged.
A Phalaenopsis flower. Orchids are easily distinguished from other plants, as they share some very evident derived characteristics or synapomorphies.Among these are: bilateral symmetry of the flower (zygomorphism), many resupinate flowers, a nearly always highly modified petal (labellum), fused stamens and carpels, and extremely small seeds.
Animals mainly have bilateral or mirror symmetry, as do the leaves of plants and some flowers such as orchids. [30] Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry, as do many flowers and some groups of animals such as sea anemones. Fivefold symmetry is found in the echinoderms, the group that includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea lilies. [31]
An object is said to have symmetry when at least one plane can divide it into two parts, so that each part is the mirror image of the other. Spiral flowers have no plane of symmetry and are said to be asymmetrical or irregular, as in the case of Liriodendron tulipifera (magnoliaceae). However, in the whorled flowers, because there are ...
A plant which completes its life cycle (i.e. germinates, reproduces, and dies) within two years or growing seasons. Biennial plants usually form a basal rosette of leaves in the first year and then flower and fruit in the second year. bifid Forked; cut in two for about half its length. Compare trifid. bifoliate
Plants and sessile (attached) animals such as sea anemones often have radial or rotational symmetry, which suits them because food or threats may arrive from any direction. Fivefold symmetry is found in the echinoderms , the group that includes starfish , sea urchins , and sea lilies .
A foxglove with a peloric flower. (Digitalis purpurea 'monstrosa')A peloric foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) flowerPelorism is the term, said to be first used by Charles Darwin, for the formation of 'peloric flowers' [1] which botanically is the abnormal production of radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) flowers in a species that usually produces bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers. [2]