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There are also mechanical designs for torque converters, many of which are similar to mechanical continuously variable transmissions or capable of acting as such as well. . They include the pendulum-based Constantinesco torque converter, the Lambert friction gearing disk drive transmission and the Variomatic with expanding pulleys and a belt dri
A direct-shift gearbox (DSG, German: Direktschaltgetriebe [1]) [2] [3] is an electronically controlled, dual-clutch, [2] multiple-shaft, automatic gearbox, in either a transaxle or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated clutch operation, and with fully-automatic [2] or semi-manual gear selection.
This transmission was available in several gear ratios for different engines and vehicles, so it's important to get a transmission with the same code or another code known to be the same gear ratios. If the gear ratios are not the same the transmission controller will assume the transmission is slipping and go into fail safe mode.
TC-SST uses dual-clutches to change gears.The TC-SST completes the clutch and gear shifts more quickly than a driver could in a conventional manual transmission, and is also quicker than either an automatic transmission with a torque converter, or a single-clutch automated manual transmission. [3]
The MCT transmission is essentially the 9G-Tronic with a start-off wet clutch (NAK for German Nass-Anfahrkupplung) replacing the torque converter. This saves weight and optimises the response to the accelerator pedal input. It is a computer-controlled double-clutching. [11] The MCT acronym refers to this multiple-plate clutch.
[3] [7] By timing the operation of one clutch to engage at the precise moment that the other is disengaging, a DCT can shift gears without interrupting the torque supply to the wheels. [6] [7] A DCT uses clutch packs (as per a manual transmission), rather than the torque converter used by traditional (hydraulic) automatic transmissions. [1]
[citation needed] This transmission locks up the torque converter in all gears, increasing wear. Combined with a sealed transmission pan and "lifetime fluid", some people have experienced catastrophic transmission failure. Owners report shift issues when oil begins breaking down beyond 50K miles, hence shifting issues are common. [citation needed]
An automatic gearbox built by Aisin of Japan used the Volvo 16-valve B234F 4-cylinder engine found in the 740 GLE. This gearbox is a modified AW71 with different ratios to leverage the unique power curve characteristics produced by the 16-valve head (when compared to the 8-valve B230F/FT with an AW71 gearbox).