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The generated "Makefile.in"s are portable and compliant with the Makefile conventions in the GNU Coding Standards, and may be used by configure scripts to generate a working Makefile. [2] The Free Software Foundation maintains automake as one of the GNU programs, and as part of the GNU build system.
One approach is by using compiler to keep track of dependencies changes .e.g GCC can statically analyze the source code and produce rules for the given file automatically by using -MM switch. The other approach would be makefiles or third-party tools that would generate makefiles with dependencies (e.g. Automake toolchain by the GNU Project ...
(For this reason source code using Autotools is normally distributed without the files that configure generates.) If the body of source code is changed more fundamentally, then configure.ac and the .in files need to be changed and all subsequent steps also followed. To process files, autoconf uses the GNU implementation of the m4 macro system.
The other tools are responsible for more directly building; using the generated files. A single set of CMake-specific configuration files can be used to build a codebase using the native build tools of multiple platforms. [4] Notable native build tools supported by CMake include: Make, Qt Creator, Ninja, Android Studio, Xcode, and Visual Studio ...
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Tools like autoconf's ./configure script will usually pick them up from the environment and write them into the generated Makefiles. Some package install scripts, like SDL, allow CFLAGS settings to override their normal settings (instead of append to them), so setting CFLAGS can cause harm in this case.
Several compilers support variable-argument macros when compiling C and C++ code: the GNU Compiler Collection 3.0, [4] Clang (all versions), [8] Visual Studio 2005, [6] C++Builder 2006, and Oracle Solaris Studio (formerly Sun Studio) Forte Developer 6 update 2 (C++ version 5.3). [9] GCC also supports such macros when compiling Objective-C.
makedepend solves this problem by parsing the code of C source files to generate a list of dependencies (those header files included directly and indirectly). It is able to understand conditional compilation constructs so as to not generate excessive dependencies. It then appends rules expressing the dependencies to the Makefile.