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Lima beans in a seed catalogue, 1894. A lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), also commonly known as butter bean, [2] sieva bean, [3] double bean [4] [5] or Madagascar bean, is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.
An edible seed [n 1] is a seed that is suitable for human or animal consumption. Of the six major plant parts, [ n 2 ] seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein . [ 1 ] A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds; most are angiosperms , while a few are gymnosperms .
Phaseolus coccineus, known as runner bean, [2] scarlet runner bean, [2] or multiflora bean, [2] is a plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. Another common name is butter bean, [3] [4] [5] which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species. It is grown both as a food plant and an ornamental plant.
The oldest-known domesticated beans in the Americas were found in Guitarrero Cave, an archaeological site in Peru, and dated to around the second millennium BCE. [40] Genetic analyses of the common bean Phaseolus show that it originated in Mesoamerica, and subsequently spread southward, along with maize and squash, traditional companion crops. [41]
Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus, an edible legume Runner bean Phaseolus coccineus , grown both as an edible bean and as an ornamental plant Lablab known as butter bean in the Caribbean
Phaseolus filiformis is a species of wild bean native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. [1] Its common names include slimjim bean, slender-stem bean, [2] Wright's Limabean and Wright's phaseolus. This plant resembles other beans in appearance, with leaves composed of lobed triangular leaflets and pink pea-like flowers.
The word 'bean', for the Old World vegetable, existed in Old English, [3] long before the New World genus Phaseolus was known in Europe. With the Columbian exchange of domestic plants between Europe and the Americas, use of the word was extended to pod-borne seeds of Phaseolus, such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus Vigna.
The caterpillars feed on the mung bean, Phaseolus lunatus and other species of Fabaceae such as pigeonpea, cowpea, lablab, soybean, peas, chickpea, horse gram, green and black grams, Crotalaria juncea, C. micans, C. saltiana, Lathyrus sativus, and Vigna unguiculata. [5] They have also been recorded on Catha edulis (Celastraceae). [6]