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  2. Exclusionary rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusionary_rule

    The exclusionary rule does not apply in a civil case, in a grand jury proceeding, or in a parole revocation hearing.. The law in force at the time of the police action, not the time of the attempt to introduce the evidence, controls whether the action is illegal for exclusionary rule purposes.

  3. Mapp v. Ohio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapp_v._Ohio

    Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the exclusionary rule, which prevents a prosecutor from using evidence that was obtained by violating the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, applies to states as well as the federal government.

  4. Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverthorne_Lumber_Co._v...

    Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States, 251 U.S. 385 (1920), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Silverthorne had attempted to evade paying taxes. Federal agents illegally seized tax books from Silverthorne and created copies of the records.

  5. Good-faith exception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good-faith_exception

    In United States constitutional law and criminal procedure, the good-faith exception (also good-faith doctrine) is one of the limitations on the exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment. [ 1 ] For criminal proceedings, the exclusionary rule prohibits entry of evidence obtained through an unreasonable search and seizure , such as one executed ...

  6. Wolf v. Colorado - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_v._Colorado

    Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 6—3 that, while the Fourth Amendment was applicable to the states, the exclusionary rule was not a necessary ingredient of the Fourth Amendment's right against warrantless and unreasonable searches and seizures.

  7. Elkins v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkins_v._United_States

    United States (1914), [2] has been enforced by the exclusionary rule, which excludes most evidence gathered through Fourth Amendment violations from criminal trials. While Wolf v. Colorado (1949) [3] had held the amendment to apply to the states, a process known as incorporation, the exclusionary rule had explicitly not been incorporated by the ...

  8. Murray v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_v._United_States

    Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court decision that created the modern "independent source doctrine" exception to the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule makes most evidence gathered through violations of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution inadmissible in criminal trials as ...

  9. Stone v. Powell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_v._Powell

    The majority reviewed the history of the exclusionary rule established in early 20th-century cases such as Weeks v. United States (1914) and Gouled v. United States , (1921) and applied to state courts in Mapp v.