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In cartography, geology, and robotics, [1] a topological map is a type of diagram that has been simplified so that only vital information remains and unnecessary detail has been removed. These maps lack scale, also distance and direction are subject to change and/or variation, but the topological relationship between points is maintained.
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Latin: [tʰɛˈaːtrũː ˈɔrbɪs tɛˈrːaːrũː], "Theatre of the Lands of the World") is considered to be the first true modern atlas.Written by Abraham Ortelius, strongly encouraged by Gillis Hooftman [2] and originally printed on 20 May 1570 in Antwerp, [3] it consisted of a collection of uniform map sheets and supporting text bound to form a book for which ...
An atlas for a topological space is an indexed family {(,):} of charts on which covers (that is, =). If for some fixed n , the image of each chart is an open subset of n -dimensional Euclidean space , then M {\displaystyle M} is said to be an n -dimensional manifold .
1913 saw the beginning of the International Map of the World initiative, which set out to map all of Earth's significant land areas at a scale of 1:1 million, on about one thousand sheets, each covering four degrees latitude by six or more degrees longitude. Excluding borders, each sheet was 44 cm high and (depending on latitude) up to 66 cm wide.
A T and O map or O–T or T–O map (orbis terrarum, orb or circle of the lands; with the letter T inside an O), also known as an Isidoran map, is a type of early world map that represents world geography as first described by the 7th-century scholar Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636) in his De Natura Rerum and later his Etymologiae (c. 625) [1]
Atlas Mira (Russia, 1937–present) Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas (United Kingdom, 1938–present) Gran Atlas Aguilar (Spain, 1969/1970) Historical Atlas of China (Taiwan, 1980) The Historical Atlas of China (China, 1982) National Geographic Atlas of the World (United States, 1963–present) Pergamon World Atlas (1962/1968) Times Atlas of the ...
Frontispiece of the 1595 Atlas of Mercator. An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a continent or region of Earth.. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today, many atlases are in multimedia formats.
Robinson projection of the world The Robinson projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation Map of the world created by the Central Intelligence Agency, with standard parallels 38°N and 38°S. The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map that shows the entire world at once. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a ...