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The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus. It has a basal layer and a functional layer: ...
Decidualization is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the endometrium in preparation for, and during, pregnancy. This includes morphological and functional changes (the decidual reaction) to endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), the presence of decidual white blood cells (leukocytes), and vascular changes to maternal arteries.
The decidua is the modified mucosal lining of the uterus (that is, modified endometrium) that forms every month, in preparation for pregnancy. It is shed off each month when there is no fertilized egg to support. [1] The decidua is under the influence of progesterone. Endometrial cells become highly characteristic.
The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ. The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo (weeks 1 to 8) and fetus (from week 9 until the delivery). In addition, contractions in the muscular wall of the uterus are important in pushing out the fetus at the time of birth.
The uterus has different forms in many other animals and in some it exists as two separate uteri known as a duplex uterus. In medicine and related professions, the term uterus is consistently used, while the Germanic-derived term womb is commonly used in everyday contexts.
Endometriosis is a disease in which cells like those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus. [8] [9] It occurs in humans and a limited number of menstruating mammals.
Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb). [1] It is the result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [8] The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with a menstrual period. [1]
Endometritis is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). [6] Symptoms may include fever, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. [1] [4] It is the most common cause of infection after childbirth. [7] [1] It is also part of spectrum of diseases that make up pelvic inflammatory disease. [8]