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The key cybersecurity standards are defined in the Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) series, specifically CIP-002 to CIP-014. [ 28 ] Compliance with these standards is mandatory for power system operators and owners under NERC’s jurisdiction, with enforcement overseen by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in the United States.
In the U.S., critical infrastructure protection (CIP) is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve the critical infrastructure of a region or the nation. The American Presidential directive PDD-63 of May 1998 set up a national program of "Critical Infrastructure Protection". [1]
NERC's mission states that it "is to assure the effective and efficient reduction of risks to the reliability and security of the grid". [4] NERC oversees six regional reliability entities and encompasses all of the interconnected power systems of Canada and the contiguous United States, as well as a portion of the Mexican state of Baja California.
GADS is the main source of power station outage data in North America. This reporting system, initiated by the electric utility industry in 1982, expands and extends the data collection procedures begun by the industry in 1963. NERC GADS is recognized today as a valuable source of reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) information ...
NERC's major responsibilities include working with all stakeholders to develop standards for power system operation, monitoring and enforcing compliance with those standards, assessing resource adequacy, and providing educational and training resources as part of an accreditation program to ensure power system operators remain qualified and ...
This mission includes developing, monitoring, and enforcing compliance to FERC-approved reliability standards for all owners, operators, and users of the bulk power system; the development and dissemination of timely and instructive information (including assist visits, internal control evaluations, lessons learned, seminars, workshops, and ...
Chapter 13 bankruptcy offers a way to reorganize and pay off debts over three to five years without losing essential assets like a home or car. It provides a structured repayment plan and an ...
Security clearances can be issued by many United States of America government agencies, including the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of State (DOS), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Energy (DoE), the Department of Justice (DoJ), the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
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