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In the U.S., critical infrastructure protection (CIP) is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve the critical infrastructure of a region or the nation. The American Presidential directive PDD-63 of May 1998 set up a national program of "Critical Infrastructure Protection". [1]
The most widely recognized and latest NERC security standard is NERC 1300, which is a modification/update of NERC 1200. The latest version of NERC 1300 is called CIP-002-3 through CIP-009-3, with CIP referring to Critical Infrastructure Protection.
The key cybersecurity standards are defined in the Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) series, specifically CIP-002 to CIP-014. [ 28 ] Compliance with these standards is mandatory for power system operators and owners under NERC’s jurisdiction, with enforcement overseen by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in the United States.
ERCOT falls under the authority of NERC and operates a reliability function, separate from its market function, in order to comply with NERC requirements. ISOs act as a marketplace operator in wholesale power, resulting from FERC order No. 888.
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The "Final 2023 Critical Materials List" was determined by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), [5] with the Undersecretary for Science and Innovation involvement. . This list incorporates materials deemed critical for energy applications and minerals from the 2022 final list designated by the Department of the Interior through the United States Geological Survey (USG
One of the important roles of an RE is suggesting to NERC (and FERC) to include the facilities into - or exclude from - the list of "elements" that constitute the bulk-power system (BPS, also known as a "bulk electric system", BES), subject to the oversight of the NERC.
Chapter 13 bankruptcy offers a way to reorganize and pay off debts over three to five years without losing essential assets like a home or car. It provides a structured repayment plan and an ...