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Laryngotracheal stenosis is an umbrella term for a wide and heterogeneous group of very rare conditions. The population incidence of adult post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis which is the commonest benign sub-type of this condition is approximately 1 in 200,000 adults per year. [10] The main causes of adult laryngotracheal stenosis are:
These range from medical management over mechanical ventilation (both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) [8] or bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) [9] [10]), to inserting a tracheal stent [8] and surgery. [8] Surgical techniques include aortopexy, tracheopexy, tracheobronchoplasty, and tracheostomy.
More severe treatments include silicone stenting to prevent tracheal constriction, surgery to strengthen or attempt to rebuild the walls, continuous positive airway pressure [12] that has a machine blow small amounts of air into the trachea to keep it open (mainly at night), or a tracheostomy, [13] which is surgically inserted into the patient ...
Surgical airway management (bronchotomy [1] or laryngotomy) is the medical procedure ensuring an open airway between a patient’s lungs and the outside world. Surgical methods for airway management rely on making a surgical incision below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract, bypassing the upper respiratory tract.
Spirometry is a useful way to measure respiratory function. People affected by subglottic stenosis have a FEV1 of over 10. [2] Subglottic stenosis is graded according to the Cotton-Myer classification system from one to four based on the severity of the blockage. Grade 1 is up to 50% obstruction, Grade 2 is 50-70% obstruction, Grade 3 is 70-99% ...
A 2013 systematic review (published cases from 1985 to April 2013) studied the complications and risk factors of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT), identifying major causes of fatality to be hemorrhage (38.0%), airway complications (29.6%), tracheal perforation (15.5%), and pneumothorax (5.6%) [18] A similar systematic review in 2017 ...
The first issue of clinical concern in the setting of stridor is whether or not tracheal intubation or tracheostomy is immediately necessary. A reduction in oxygen saturation is considered a late sign of airway obstruction, particularly in a child with healthy lungs and normal gas exchange. Some patients will need immediate tracheal intubation.
Intubation granuloma is a benign growth of granulation tissue in the larynx or trachea, which arises from tissue trauma due to endotracheal intubation. [1] This medical condition is described as a common late complication of tracheal intubation, specifically caused by irritation to the mucosal tissue of the airway during insertion or removal of the patient's intubation tube.