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Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.
To combat overuse of head CT scans yielding negative intracranial hemorrhage results, which unnecessarily exposes patients to radiation and increase time in the hospital and cost of the visit, multiple clinical decision support rules have been developed to help clinicians weigh the option to scan a patient with a head injury.
[12] [13] All traumatic brain injuries are head injuries, but the latter term may also refer to injury to other parts of the head; [14] [15] [16] however, the terms head injury and brain injury are often used interchangeably. [17] Similarly, brain injuries fall under the classification of central nervous system injuries [18] and neurotrauma. [19]
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area. It is common for both focal and diffuse damage to occur as a result of the same event; many traumatic brain injuries have aspects of both focal and diffuse injury. [ 1 ]
According to GlaxoSmithKline's Patient Information Leaflet, [25] the following side effects may occur (sorted by rate of occurrence): [citation needed] Very common (affects more than 1 in 10 people) Headache; Tiredness; Pain, redness, swelling or a hard lump at the injection site; Fever; Aching muscles, joint pain; Common (affects at least 1 in ...
In the European Union, the European Medicines Agency has jurisdiction and the relevant documents are called the "summary of product characteristics" (SPC or SmPC) and the document for end-users is called the "patient information leaflet" or "package leaflet". The SPC is not intended to give general advice about treatment of a condition but does ...
The patients affected most often include young adults and adolescents that are 16 to 19 years old. [40] Adolescents who sustain a head injury that goes unrecognized could be placing themselves at a greater risk due to the effects of longer and more diffuse cerebral swelling that occurs in their body. [41]