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Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C 2 H 4 or H 2 C=CH 2.It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. [7] It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).
The reaction occurs easier with the last two acids: (CH 2 CH 2)O + HCl → HO–CH 2 CH 2 –Cl. The reaction with these acids competes with the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene oxide; therefore, there is always a by-product of ethylene glycol with an admixture of diethylene glycol. For a cleaner product, the reaction is conducted in the ...
of formation, Δ f H o solid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 117.8 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 67.4 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas +52.47 kJ ...
The reactions of ethane involve chiefly free radical reactions. Ethane can react with the halogens, especially chlorine and bromine, by free-radical halogenation. This reaction proceeds through the propagation of the ethyl radical: [36] Cl 2 → 2 Cl• C 2 H 6 • + Cl• → C 2 H 5 • + HCl C 2 H 5 • + Cl 2 → C 2 H 5 Cl + Cl•
Production is primarily achieved through the iron(III) chloride-catalysed reaction of ethylene and chlorine: H 2 C=CH 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) → ClC 2 H 4 Cl (l) (ΔH ⊖ r = −218 kJ/mol) 1,2-dichloroethane is also generated by the copper(II) chloride-catalysed oxychlorination of ethylene: H 2 C=CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 / 2 O 2 → ClC 2 H 4 Cl + H 2 O
Chloroethane is produced by hydrochlorination of ethylene: [11]. C 2 H 4 + HCl → C 2 H 5 Cl. At various times in the past, chloroethane has also been produced from ethanol and hydrochloric acid, from ethane and chlorine, or from ethanol and phosphorus trichloride, but these routes are no longer economical.
In October 2016, astronomers reported that the very basic chemical ingredients of life—the carbon–hydrogen molecule (CH, or methylidyne radical), the carbon–hydrogen positive ion (CH +) and the carbon ion (C +)—are created, in large part, using energy from the ultraviolet light of nearby stars, rather than in other ways, such as ...
This net reaction can also be described as follows: [PdCl 4] 2 − + C 2 H 4 + H 2 O → CH 3 CHO + Pd + 2 HCl + 2 Cl −. This conversion is followed by reactions that regenerate the Pd(II) catalyst: Pd + 2 CuCl 2 + 2 Cl − → [PdCl 4] 2− + 2 CuCl 2 CuCl + 1 / 2 O 2 + 2 HCl → 2 CuCl 2 + H 2 O. Only the alkene and oxygen are consumed.