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The tōyō kanji (当用漢字, lit. "general-use kanji") are those kanji listed on the Tōyō kanji hyō (当用漢字表, literally "list of general-use kanji"), which was released by the Japanese Ministry of Education (文部省) on 16 November 1946, following a reform of kanji characters of Chinese origin in the Japanese language.
This list does not include characters that were present in older versions of the list but have since been removed (勺, 銑, 脹, 錘, 匁). Hyphens in the kun'yomi readings separate kanji from their okurigana. The "New" column attempts to reflect the official glyph shapes as closely as possible.
Shinjitai (Japanese: 新字体, "new character form") are the simplified forms of kanji used in Japan since the promulgation of the Tōyō Kanji List in 1946. Some of the new forms found in shinjitai are also found in simplified Chinese characters, but shinjitai is generally not as extensive in the scope of its modification.
Some of the traditional kanji are not included in the Japanese font of Windows XP/2000, and only rectangles are shown. Downloading the Meiryo font from the Microsoft website (VistaFont_JPN.EXE) and installing it will solve this problem. Note that within the Jōyō Kanji there are 62 characters the old forms of which may cause problems displaying:
The Shinjitai Character List In 1949, when the Toyo (Everyday use) Kanji List (containing 1850 characters) was announced, many standard characters were replaced with simplified ones. For example, 學,國, and體became学,国, and体, respectively. Later, in 1981, the Joyo List was introduced, adopting further simplifications.
This list included 881 "basic requirement" kanji for elementary school. 1981: The 1,945 characters of jōyō kanji were adopted, replacing the list of tōyō kanji. [2] 2010: The list was revised on 30 November to include an additional 196 characters and remove 5 characters (勺, 銑, 脹, 錘, and 匁), for a total of 2,136.
The kyōiku kanji (教育漢字, literally "education kanji") are kanji which Japanese elementary school students should learn from first through sixth grade. [1] Also known as gakushū kanji (学習漢字, literally "learning kanji"), these kanji are listed on the Gakunenbetsu kanji haitō hyō (学年別漢字配当表(), literally "table of kanji by school year"), [2].
As of September 25, 2017, the jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字, kanji for use in personal names) consists of 863 characters. Kanji on this list are mostly used in people's names and some are traditional variants of jōyō kanji. There were only 92 kanji in the original list published in 1952, but new additions have been made frequently.