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CHRPE is a lesion with the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)— densely packed cells in a single layer forming a blockage between the retina and the choroid— [6] that is generally cordial. There are three variations of CHRPE: solitary, grouped, and atypical, with these being found in ophthalmoscopes. [ 5 ]
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), [10] and OCT angiography (OCTA) [11] [12] [13] studies have provided support for choriocapillaris involvement. However, a novel hypothesis was proposed implicating a direct neurotropic infection as a possible underlying cause given the dynamic changes observed along the neuronal pathway of the retina [ 14 ]
Dysfunction of the RPE is found in age-related macular degeneration [7] [8] and retinitis pigmentosa. RPE are also involved in diabetic retinopathy. Gardner syndrome is characterized by FAP (familial adenomatous polyps), osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy and impacted teeth. [9]
However, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) rapidly becomes involved, leading to a retinal dystrophy primarily involving the macula. The histological examination of the eyes of one such patient showed that the outer nuclear layer of cones and rods had disappeared completely, whereas the RPE showed pronounced pigment changes.
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Pachychoroid disorders of the macula represent a group of diseases affecting the central part of the retina of the eye, the macula. Due to thickening and congestion of the highly vascularized layer underneath the macula, the choroid, damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and the retinal photoreceptor cells ensues. This leads to impaired vision.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes H30-H36 within Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa should be included in this category. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disorders of choroid and retina .
Fundus of geographic atrophy. Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.