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A memory controller, also known as memory chip controller (MCC) or a memory controller unit (MCU), is a digital circuit that manages the flow of data going to and from a computer's main memory. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When a memory controller is integrated into another chip, such as an integral part of a microprocessor , it is usually called an integrated ...
Based on the K7 but was designed around a 64-bit ISA, added an integrated memory controller, HyperTransport communication fabric, L2 cache sizes up to 1 MB (1128 KB total cache), and SSE2. Later K8 added SSE3. The K8 was the first mainstream Windows-compatible 64-bit microprocessor and was released April 22, 2003.
included a DMA controller, interrupt controller, timers, and chip select logic. A small number of additional instructions. The 80188 was a version with an 8-bit bus. 286 first x86 processor with protected mode including segmentation based virtual memory management. Performance improved by a factor of 3 to 4 over 8086.
One of the advantages of having the memory controller integrated on the CPU die is to reduce latency from the CPU to memory. Some northbridge chips have supported dual processors, for example Intel's 5000X memory controller used in the original Mac Pro from 2006. Another example of this kind of change is Nvidia's nForce3 for AMD K8 systems.
Thus, the northbridge became the Memory Controller Hub (MCH) or if it had integrated graphics (e.g., Intel 810), the Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH). Other ICH features include: PCI Rev 2.2 compliant with support for 33 MHz PCI operations. Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Support; Integrated IDE controller for Ultra ...
Memory controller, a unit that manages access to memory; Game controller, a device by which the user controls the operation of the computer; Host controller; Network controller; Graphics controller or video display controller; SCSI host bus adapter; Parallel port controller; Microcontroller unit (MCU) Keyboard controller; Programmable Interrupt ...
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
The X58 is not a memory controller hub (MCH), because it has no memory interface, so Intel calls it an I/O hub. This should not be confused with the similar term I/O controller hub which has traditionally been used to refer to the southbridge chips. Intel documentation now refers to the southbridge as the Legacy I/O Controller Hub.