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An overhead valve engine, abbreviated (OHV) and sometimes called a pushrod engine, is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with flathead (or "sidevalve") engines , where the valves were located below the combustion chamber in the engine block .
In an overhead valve (OHV) or overhead camshaft (OHC) engine, the cylinder head contains several airflow passages called ports; intake ports deliver the fuel+air intake charge from the intake manifold to the combustion chamber, and exhaust ports route combustion waste gases out the combustion chamber to the exhaust manifold.
A crossflow head gives better performance than a Reverse-flow cylinder head (though not as good as a uniflow), but the popular explanation put forward for this — that the gases do not have to change direction and hence are moved into and out of the cylinder more efficiently — is a simplification since there is no continuous flow because of valve opening and closing.
Cutaway of a dual overhead camshaft engine 1969 AMC V8 overhead valve engine. The rocker cover has been removed, so the pushrods, rocker arms, valve springs, and valves are visible. A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. [1]
In an overhead valve engine the tappets (on right) are sandwiched between pushrods and the camshaft. In an internal combustion engine, a tappet (also called a 'valve lifter' or 'cam follower') [3] [4] [5] is the component which converts the rotation of the camshaft into vertical motion to open and close an intake or exhaust valve.
Both of the engines were overhead valve designs, pioneered by Buick. The Cadillac 331 engine featured a "dry" (coolant exited through an assembly attached directly to the cylinder heads), open runner (requiring the use of a tappet valve cover) intake manifold, rear-mounted distributor, and shaft-mounted rockers. Crankshaft end play is carried ...