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The term transmutation dates back to alchemy.Alchemists pursued the philosopher's stone, capable of chrysopoeia – the transformation of base metals into gold. [3] While alchemists often understood chrysopoeia as a metaphor for a mystical or religious process, some practitioners adopted a literal interpretation and tried to make gold through physical experimentation.
ACAB code Activation and transmutation calculations for nuclear applications; ORIP_XXI code Isotope transmutation simulations; ORILL Code 1D transmutation, fuel depletion (burn-up) and radiological protection code; FISPACT-II Multiphysics, inventory and source-term code; MURE Serpent-MCNP utility for Reactor Evolution; VESTA Monte Carlo ...
Alchemical symbols were used to denote chemical elements and compounds, as well as alchemical apparatus and processes, until the 18th century. Although notation was partly standardized, style and symbol varied between alchemists.
A chart or table of nuclides maps the nuclear, or radioactive, behavior of nuclides, as it distinguishes the isotopes of an element.It contrasts with a periodic table, which only maps their chemical behavior, since isotopes (nuclides that are variants of the same element) do not differ chemically to any significant degree, with the exception of hydrogen.
The Emerald Tablet, the Smaragdine Table, or the Tabula Smaragdina [a] is a compact and cryptic Hermetic text. [1] It was a highly regarded foundational text for many Islamic and European alchemists . [ 2 ]
Zinc is bluish-white and lustrous, [9] though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. [10] Zinc is also referred to in nonscientific contexts as spelter. [11] Cadmium is soft, malleable, ductile, and with a bluish-white color. Mercury is a liquid, heavy, silvery-white metal.
This coupled approach is known as Partitioning and Transmutation strategy (P&T), which inclusion in an advanced closed fuel cycle could lead to strongly reduce long-term radiotoxicity, volume and decay heat of the final waste thus simplifying a performance assessment of a future nuclear waste repository and enhancing proliferation resistance ...
, then americium and curium, which in turn can be removed as waste or returned to reactors for further transmutation and fission. However, the 231 Pa (with a half-life of 3.27 × 10 4 years) formed via (n,2n) reactions with 232 Th (yielding 231 Th that decays to 231 Pa