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Assume a firm produces clothing. When the quantity of the output varies from 5 shirts to 10 shirts, fixed cost would be 30 dollars. [1] In this case, the average fixed cost of producing 5 shirts would be 30 dollars divided by 5 shirts, which is 6 dollars.
Assuming that factor prices are constant, the production function determines all cost functions. [4] The variable cost curve is the constant price of the variable input times the inverted short-run production function or total product curve, and its behavior and properties are determined by the production function.
This is the total economic cost of production and is made up of variable cost, which varies according to the quantity of a good produced and includes inputs such as labor and raw materials, plus fixed cost, which is independent of the quantity of a good produced and includes inputs that cannot be varied in the short term such as buildings and ...
The best form of the equation to use and the values of the parameters (, …,) vary from company to company and industry to industry. In the short run, production function at least one of the 's (inputs) is fixed. In the long run, all factor inputs are variable at the discretion of management.
An average cost curve can be plotted with cost on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis. Marginal costs are often also shown on these graphs, with marginal cost representing the cost of the last unit produced at each point; marginal costs in the short run are the slope of the variable cost curve (and hence the first derivative ...
The marginal product of a factor of production is generally defined as the change in output resulting from a unit or infinitesimal change in the quantity of that factor used, holding all other input usages in the production process constant. The marginal product of labor is then the change in output (Y) per unit change in labor (L). In discrete ...
This contrasts with the short-run, where some factors are variable (dependent on the quantity produced) and others are fixed (paid once), constraining entry or exit from an industry. In macroeconomics , the long-run is the period when the general price level , contractual wage rates, and expectations adjust fully to the state of the economy, in ...
The marginal product of a given input can be expressed [2] as: M P = Δ Y Δ X {\displaystyle MP={\frac {\Delta Y}{\Delta X}}} where Δ X {\displaystyle \Delta X} is the change in the firm's use of the input (conventionally a one-unit change) and Δ Y {\displaystyle \Delta Y} is the change in the quantity of output produced (resulting from the ...