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The Indian subcontinent has a long history of education and learning from the era of Indus Valley civilization.Important ancient institutions of learning in ancient India are the Buddhist Mahaviharas of Takshashila, Kashmir Smast, Nalanda, Valabhi, Pushpagiri, Odantapuri, Vikramashila, Somapura, Bikrampur, Jagaddala.
According to Tibetan sources, five great Mahaviharas stood out: Vikramashila, the premier university of the era; Nalanda, past its prime but still illustrious, Somapura, Odantapura, and Jagaddala. [5] The five monasteries formed a network; "all of them were under state supervision" and there existed "a system of co-ordination among them.
Nalanda was established in the fifth century CE in Bihar, India, [7] and survived until circa 1200 CE. It was devoted to Buddhist studies, but it also trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war. [9] Evidence in literature suggests that in 1193, Nalanda mahavihara was sacked by [10] Bakhtiyar ...
Education in the Indian subcontinent began with the teaching of traditional subjects, including Indian religions, mathematics, and logic.Early Hindu and Buddhist centers of learning, such as the ancient Takshashila (in modern-day Pakistan), Nalanda (in India), Mithila (in India and Nepal), Vikramshila, Telhara, and Shaunaka Mahashala in the Naimisharanya forest, served as key sites for education.
The Nalanda archaeological site is spread over a large area to the northwest of Bargaon (Nalanda) village, and is between the historical manmade lakes Gidhi, Panashokar and Indrapuskarani. On the south bank of the Indrapushkarani lake is the Nava Nalanda Mahavihara – a university founded in its memory.
It was not a university in the modern sense, in that the teachers living there may not have had official membership of particular colleges, [10] [11] [12] in contrast to the later Nalanda university in Bihar. [12] [13] [14] The destruction by Toramana in the 5th century CE seem to have put an end to the activities of Taxila as a centre of ...
He also burned Nalanda's major Buddhist library and Vikramshila University, [268] as well as numerous Buddhist monasteries in India. When the Tibetan translator, Chag Lotsawa Dharmasvamin (Chag Lo-tsa-ba, 1197–1264), visited northern India in 1235, Nalanda was damaged, looted, and largely deserted, but still standing and functioning with ...
In the Gangetic plains, Nalanda mahavihara emerged and gradually became a centre of Mahayana Buddhism receiving patronisation not just from Indian rulers but also from foreign monarchs and monks. [32] Within Nalanda, numerous scholars of note have been associated with it including Shantideva, Aryadeva, Dharmakirti and Chandrakirti. [33]