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A summary of CHOP upstream and downstream pathways. The PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway can induce apoptosis by binding to the death receptors and upregulating the expression of death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. CHOP also interacts with the phosphorylated transcription factor JUN to form a complex that binds to the promoter region of DR4 in lung cancer ...
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A clinical pathway is a multidisciplinary management tool based on evidence-based practice for a specific group of patients with a predictable clinical course, in which the different tasks (interventions) by the professionals involved in the patient care are defined, optimized and sequenced either by hour (ED), day (acute care) or visit (homecare).
CHOP is the acronym for a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CHOP consists of: CHOP consists of: C yclophosphamide , an alkylating agent which damages DNA by binding to it and causing the formation of cross-links
A migraine attack lasting longer than 72 hours is termed status migrainosus. [30] There are four possible phases to a migraine attack, although not all the phases are necessarily experienced: [31] The prodrome, which occurs hours or days before the headache; The aura, which immediately precedes the headache; The pain phase, also known as ...
Pathway links – click anywhere in the background on the pathway to go to the corresponding pathway article with an expanded view of the interactive pathway map; Variable-controlled cropped view – pathway maps can be cropped by referencing a gene or metabolite (see Usages #2 and #3 below).
Rescue treatment involves acute symptomatic control with medication. [4] Recommendations for rescue therapy of migraine include: (1) migraine-specific agents such as triptans, CGRP antagonists, or ditans for patients with severe headaches or for headaches that respond poorly to analgesics, (2) non-oral (typically nasal or injection) route of administration for patients with vomiting, (3) avoid ...
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is structured representation of biological events leading to adverse effects and is considered relevant to risk assessment. [1] [2] [3] The AOP links in a linear way existing knowledge along one or more series of causally connected key events (KE) between two points — a molecular initiating event (MIE) and an adverse outcome (AO) that occur at a level of ...