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A summary of CHOP upstream and downstream pathways. The PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway can induce apoptosis by binding to the death receptors and upregulating the expression of death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. CHOP also interacts with the phosphorylated transcription factor JUN to form a complex that binds to the promoter region of DR4 in lung cancer ...
CHOP is the acronym for a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CHOP consists of: CHOP consists of: C yclophosphamide , an alkylating agent which damages DNA by binding to it and causing the formation of cross-links
Rescue treatment involves acute symptomatic control with medication. [4] Recommendations for rescue therapy of migraine include: (1) migraine-specific agents such as triptans, CGRP antagonists, or ditans for patients with severe headaches or for headaches that respond poorly to analgesics, (2) non-oral (typically nasal or injection) route of administration for patients with vomiting, (3) avoid ...
A migraine attack lasting longer than 72 hours is termed status migrainosus. [30] There are four possible phases to a migraine attack, although not all the phases are necessarily experienced: [31] The prodrome, which occurs hours or days before the headache; The aura, which immediately precedes the headache; The pain phase, also known as ...
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1:12: 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 in (121 mm) North America specific scale corresponding to NMRA 1-inch scale. 1:12 is one of the most popular backyard railway scales. -1:11: 5 in (127 mm) Used outside North America. Corresponds to NEM V. One of the most popular garden railway scales. Common gauge for live steam-1:8: 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 in (184 mm)
On the other hand, ATF4 and CHOP work together to induce cell death, as well as regulating amino acid biosynthesis, transport and metabolic processes. The presence of a leucine zipper domain ( bZIP ) allows ATF4 to work together with many other proteins, thus creating specific responses to different types of stressors.
Dihydroergotamine (DHE), sold under the brand names D.H.E. 45 and Migranal among others, is an ergot alkaloid used to treat migraines. [7] It is a derivative of ergotamine.It is administered as a nasal spray or injection and has an efficacy similar to that of sumatriptan.