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The letters Q, W, and X are used exclusively in foreign words, and the former two are respectively replaced with KV and V once the word becomes "naturalized" (assimilated into Czech); the digraphs dz and dž are also used mostly for foreign words and are not considered to be distinct letters in the Czech alphabet.
There are 10 monophthongal and 3 diphthongal vowel phonemes in Czech: /iː ɪ ɛː ɛ aː a oː o uː u eu̯ au̯ ou̯/. Czech is a quantity language: it differentiates five vowel qualities that occur as both phonologically short and long.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ( March 2022 ) The gallery of passport stamps by country or territory contains an accurate alphabetical list of sovereign states, partially recognised states, and dependent territories with images of their passport stamps including visas .
For letters with diacritics, there are two common strategies: (1) a dot 6 may be added (á, č, ď), or (2) the letter is reversed (ň, ó, ř, š, ť, ú, ý, ž). The Czech braille letter ř is the international form for w, so w has been assigned an idiosyncratic form, which is the reverse of ů. Í is a stretched i.
Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70– 74, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
The lists and tables below summarize and compare the letter inventories of some of the Latin-script alphabets.In this article, the scope of the word "alphabet" is broadened to include letters with tone marks, and other diacritics used to represent a wide range of orthographic traditions, without regard to whether or how they are sequenced in their alphabet or the table.
Ř is a letter in the Upper Sorbian alphabet.In the Upper Sorbian language it denotes the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ]. [5] The letter only occurs after p, t, and k; [5] it originates from older r that had been devoiced by those sounds by the early 9th century, and became a sibilant in the following centuries. [6]
The symbol originates with the Czech alphabet. In Czech printed books it first appeared in the late 15th century. [1] It evolved from the letter Ż, introduced by the author of the early 15th-century De orthographia Bohemica (probably Jan Hus) to indicate a Slavic fricative not represented in Latin alphabet.