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Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. It was first explored in 1996 at University of Bath, UK. It was first explored in 1996 at University of Bath, UK.
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light [a] from one end to the other. Such fibers find wide usage in fiber-optic communications , where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data transfer rates) than electrical cables.
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a class of optical fiber with a structure consisting of three layers of optical material instead of the usual two. The inner-most layer is called the core . It is surrounded by the inner cladding , which is surrounded by the outer cladding .
In fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF), also known as fundamental- or mono-mode, [1] is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single mode of light - the transverse mode. Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation for waves, which is obtained by combining Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions.
The structure of a typical single-mode fiber. 1. Core 9 μm diameter 2. Cladding 125 μm dia. 3. Coating 250 μm dia. 4. Buffer or jacket 900 μm dia. Light propagating in a multi-mode fiber. The core of a conventional optical fiber is the part of the fiber that guides the light. It is a cylinder of glass or plastic that runs along the fiber's ...
[1] [2] A photonic crystal is an optical nanostructure in which the refractive index changes periodically. This affects the propagation of light in the same way that the structure of natural crystals gives rise to X-ray diffraction and that the atomic lattices (crystal structure) of semiconductors affect their conductivity of electrons
Aperiodic fibers are a subclass of Fresnel fibers which describe optical propagation in analogous terms to diffraction free beams. [2] These too can be made by using air channels appropriately positioned on the virtual zones of the optical fiber. [3] Photonic crystal fibers are a variant of the microstructured fibers reported by Kaiser et al.
This has the same form as the numerical aperture in other optical systems, so it has become common to define the NA of any type of fiber to be =, where n core is the refractive index along the central axis of the fiber. Note that when this definition is used, the connection between the numerical aperture and the acceptance angle of the fiber ...