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Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
The intense blue color is due to the presence of the trisulfur radical anion (S •− 3) in the crystal. [16] The presence of disulfur (S •− 2) and tetrasulfur (S •− 4) radicals can shift the color towards yellow or red, respectively. [17] These radical anions substitute for the chloride anions within the sodalite structure. [18] The S ...
Cut yellow topaz, which resembles citrine in color. It is nearly impossible to differentiate between cut citrine and yellow topaz visually, but they differ in hardness. All quartz varieties have a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, while topaz has a hardness of 8.
Topaz is a semiprecious gemstone that occurs as very hard, transparent crystals in a variety of colors. It is naturally amber-colored, but becomes colorless after exposure to sunlight. Topaz forms within cavities of the volcanic rock rhyolite, from eruptions that occurred during the Tertiary Period six to seven million years ago. Topaz is ...
2nd row: rare purple topaz, champagne coloured topaz on albite, rare topaz and green hydroxylherderite matrix. 3rd row: naturally cut topaz, irradiated blue topaz, white topaz on matrix Rare purple-lavender hued topaz on a matrix from Katlang in Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [1] [2] There are many types of gemstones of Pakistan.
Topaz, a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine; Chrysoberyl, an aluminate of beryllium; Zircon, a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates; Prehnite, an inosilicate of calcium and aluminium; Tourmaline, a crystalline boron silicate mineral compounded with other elements; Apatite, a group of phosphate minerals
Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is exposed to artificial radiation in order to enhance its optical properties.High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [1]
It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. [1] Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale.