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  2. Contraposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraposition

    A proof by contrapositive is a direct proof of the contrapositive of a statement. [14] However, indirect methods such as proof by contradiction can also be used with contraposition, as, for example, in the proof of the irrationality of the square root of 2 .

  3. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo...

    The sentence employs three distinct meanings of the word buffalo: As an attributive noun (acting as an adjective) to refer to a specific place named Buffalo, such as the city of Buffalo, New York; As the verb to buffalo, meaning (in American English [1] [2]) "to bully, harass, or intimidate" or "to baffle"; and

  4. Part of speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speech

    Pronoun (antōnymíā): a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person; Preposition (próthesis): a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax; Adverb (epírrhēma): a part of speech without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb, adjective, clause, sentence, or other adverb

  5. Numeral (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)

    Many words of different parts of speech indicate number or quantity. Such words are called quantifiers. Examples are words such as every, most, least, some, etc. Numerals are distinguished from other quantifiers by the fact that they designate a specific number. [3] Examples are words such as five, ten, fifty, one hundred, etc.

  6. Modus tollens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modus_tollens

    (It is conceivable that there may have been an intruder that the dog did not detect, but that does not invalidate the argument; the first premise is "if the dog detects an intruder". The thing of importance is that the dog detects or does not detect an intruder, not whether there is one.) Example 1: If I am the burglar, then I can crack a safe.

  7. Categorical proposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_proposition

    But if, as an example, this group of "some politicians" were defined to contain a single person, Albert, the relationship becomes clearer; This is the de re interpretation of the intensional statement ([]), or "Some politicians (in particular) are not corrupt". The statement would then mean that, of every entry listed in the corrupt people ...

  8. Grammatical particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particle

    In modern grammar, a particle is a function word that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning, i.e., it does not have its own lexical definition. [citation needed] According to this definition, particles are a separate part of speech and are distinct from other classes of function words, such as articles, prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs.

  9. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

    A three-valued logic where the third truth value is the truth-value gap "neither true nor false" ("N"), and the designated values are "true" and "neither true nor false." [10] analysis 1. Analysis, the process of breaking a concept down into more simple parts, so that its logical structure is displayed. 2. Mathematical analysis analytic