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Phosphorus dioxide (PO 2) is a gaseous oxide of phosphorus. It is a free radical that plays a role in the chemiluminescence of phosphorus and phosphine. [1] It is produced when phosphates are heated to high temperatures. [2] In the ground state the molecule is bent, like nitrogen dioxide, but there is an excited state that is linear. [1]
The phosphate ion has a molar mass of 94.97 g/mol, and consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4) 2−, which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4) −
The phosphite ion, PO 3− 3, is a strong base, and so always carries at least one proton. In this case the proton is attached directly to the phosphorus atom with the structure HPO 2− 3. In forming this ion, the phosphite ion is behaving as a Lewis base and donating a pair of electrons to the Lewis acid, H +. Predominance diagram for chromate
Phosphorus oxide can refer to: Phosphorus pentoxide (phosphorus(V) oxide, phosphoric anhydride), P 2 O 5 Phosphorus trioxide (phosphorus(III) oxide, phosphorous anhydride), P 2 O 3
The general form of the trivalent phosphorus reagent can be considered as follows: with A and B generally being alkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy groups. Electron-withdrawing groups are known to slow down the rate of the reaction, with electron donating groups increasing the rate of the reaction.
When phosphorus does form solubilised ions of H 2 PO 4 −, if not taken up by plant roots these ions rapidly form insoluble calcium phosphates or hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum. Phosphorus is largely immobile in the soil and is not leached but actually builds up in the surface layer if not cropped.
Carbonic acid is an illustrative example of the Lewis acidity of an acidic oxide. CO 2 + 2OH − ⇌ HCO 3 − + OH − ⇌ CO 3 2− + H 2 O. This property is a key reason for keeping alkali chemicals well sealed from the atmosphere, as long-term exposure to carbon dioxide in the air can degrade the material.
The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n−2x+2 P n O 3n−x+1, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure; that is, the minimum number of bonds that would have to be broken to eliminate all cycles.