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Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound (a vicinal diol [7]) with the formula (CH 2 OH) 2. It is mainly used for two purposes: as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, flammable, viscous liquid.
For many substances, the formation reaction may be considered as the sum of a number of simpler reactions, either real or fictitious. The enthalpy of reaction can then be analyzed by applying Hess' law, which states that the sum of the enthalpy changes for a number of individual reaction steps equals the enthalpy change of the overall reaction.
[1] [2] As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified. [3] [4] A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is ...
H 2 SO 4 + C 2 H 4 → C 2 H 5-O-SO 3 H. Subsequently, this sulphate ester is hydrolyzed to regenerate sulphuric acid and release ethanol: C 2 H 5-O-SO 3 H + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 + C 2 H 5 OH. This two step route is called the "indirect process". In the "direct process," the acid protonates the alkene, and water reacts with this incipient ...
n (CH 2 CH 2)O + R 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OH → R 2 NCH 2 CH 2 O–(–CH 2 CH 2 O–) n –H. Trimethylamine reacts with ethylene oxide in the presence of water, forming choline: [36] (CH 2 CH 2)O + (CH 3) 3 N + H 2 O → [HOCH 2 CH 2 N (CH 3) 3] + OH −. Aromatic primary and secondary amines also react with ethylene oxide, forming the corresponding ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
Ethylenediamine (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula C 2 H 4 (NH 2) 2. This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a basic amine. It is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000 tonnes produced in 1998. [6] Ethylenediamine is the first member of the so-called ...
2 CH 3 CH 2 OH + 2 Na → 2 CH 3 CH 2 ONa + H 2. or a very strong base such as sodium hydride: CH 3 CH 2 OH + NaH → CH 3 CH 2 ONa + H 2. The acidities of water and ethanol are nearly the same, as indicated by their pKa of 15.7 and 16 respectively. Thus, sodium ethoxide and sodium hydroxide exist in an equilibrium that is closely balanced: