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A mattock (/ ˈ m æ t ə k /) is a hand tool used for digging, prying, and chopping. Similar to the pickaxe, it has a long handle and a stout head which combines either a vertical axe blade with a horizontal adze (cutter mattock), or a pick and an adze (pick mattock).
A fasces image, with the axe in the middle of the bundle of rods. A fasces (/ ˈ f æ s iː z / FASS-eez, Latin:; a plurale tantum, from the Latin word fascis, meaning 'bundle'; Italian: fascio littorio) is a bound bundle of wooden rods, often but not always including an axe (occasionally two axes) with its blade emerging.
The handle of the axe also acts as a lever allowing the user to increase the force at the cutting edge—not using the full length of the handle is known as choking the axe. For fine chopping using a side axe this sometimes is a positive effect, but for felling with a double bitted axe it reduces efficiency.
In Old English, axes were referred to as æces, from which the Modern English word derives. [63] Most axes found in early Anglo-Saxon graves were fairly small with straight or slightly curved blades. [63] Such hand-axes primarily served as tools rather than weapons, but could have been used as the latter if the need arose. [64]
Swedish carpenter's axe with straight handle/cutting edge, beard and notch ideal for choking up on. A Swedish carpenter's axe Examples of Japanese carpenter's axes. Carpenter's axes or carpenter's hatchets are small axes, usually slightly larger than a hatchet , used in traditional woodwork, joinery, and log-building.
The hook or "beard", i.e. the lower portion of the axe bit extending the cutting edge below the width of the butt, provides a wide cutting surface while keeping the overall mass of the axe low. This design allows the user to grip the haft directly behind the head for planing or shaving wood and variations of this design are still in use by ...