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Under the auspices of the National Industrial Recovery Act, which promoted the right to organize one's workplace and outlawed discrimination and firing based on union membership, approximately half of Harlan's coal mines, those in the Harlan County Coal Operators' Association, were run as open shops from October 27, 1933 – March 31, 1935.
Eli Sanders, tipple worker, loads coal on car which has fallen off cars en route to tipple. Children walking their way through the town of Evarts. The Battle of Evarts (May 5, 1931) occurred in Harlan, Kentucky during the Harlan County Wars. The coal miners desired improved working conditions, higher wages, and more housing options for their ...
The next major event of the mine wars in West Virginia was the Matewan Massacre on May 19, 1920. [7] The massacre only exacerbated tensions between miners, their allies, and coal operators. In West Virginia, the mine wars would come to a head at the Battle of Blair Mountain in 1921. This armed conflict pitched organized miners against ...
West Virginia produced 489,000 tons of coal in 1869, 4,882,000 tons of coal in 1889, and 89,384,000 tons of coal in 1917. [3] The quick expansion of mining in West Virginia prompted many mining companies to construct company towns, in which mining companies own many, if not all housing, amenities, and public services. Miners were often paid in ...
Harlan County USA (variously written with and without a comma) is a 1976 American documentary film covering the "Brookside Strike", [1] a 1973 effort of 180 coal miners and their wives against the Duke Power Company-owned Eastover Coal Company's Brookside Mine and Prep Plant in Harlan County, southeast Kentucky.
On Oct. 11, 2000, a spill from a Martin County Coal Corp. waste containment pond polluted more than 100 miles of creeks, streams and rivers running through Kentucky and West Virginia.
On July 26, 1930, the second national convention of the NMU at Pittsburgh changed the group's name to Mine, Oil and Smelter Workers Industrial Union in an attempt to reflect the group's broader organizational aspirations. [1] The more simple NMU name remained in general use in the coal industry throughout the organization's existence, however. [1]
The 1922 UMW Miner strike or The Big Coal Strike [1] was a nationwide general strike of miners in the US and Canada [a] after the United Mine Worker's (UMW) trade union contract expired on March 31, 1922. The strike decision was ordered March 22, to start effective April 1. Around 610,000 mine workers struck.